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Storage/Loading/Unloading -
Transportation
- Sulphur
April 2, 2008
|
Introduction Molten Sulphur Truck Transportation Ship Transportation Train Transportation |
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Sulphur is transported both as a solid in bulk and as a liquid in the molten form. Each form has its own special requirements in order to transport sulphur safely, with minimal environmental impact and minimal contamination of the sulphur.
Molten Sulphur
The key to transporting sulphur in molten form is maintaining its temperature at approximately 140oC. Transport over short distances can be done in well insulated containers. The low thermal conductivity of sulphur minimizes heat loss and helps it to retain heat so it does not solidify. Over longer distances, a heating system is required to maintain the sulphur in the liquid state.
A typical semi-trailer for transporting molten sulphur is shown below. The capacity of the tank is approximately 3,800 USGal and is constructed of stainless steel and is insulated.
Standard Molten Sulphur Trailer
Where permitted, the amount of sulphur transported per trip can be increased by going to a B-train arrangement. The equipment shown below is a B-train arrangement manufactured by Bedard Tankers and has a capacity of 5,500 Imp. Gal.
5,500 Imp. Gal. Super B-Train (Bedard Tankers)
Tank trailers designed for molten sulphur are generally dedicated to hauling molten sulphur. A tank that has just carried molten sulphur cannot be easily cleaned so that the trailer can carry a different commodity on the return trip or to another destination. The result is that the tank is full on the delivery trip but is empty on the return trip. To maximize what is known as "loaded miles", a specially designed tank trailer combines a tank for molten sulphur and a bulk carrier. On one trip, the trailer carries molten sulphur and on the return trip carries a bulk commodity such as fertilizers. This type of trailer is called a backhaul double and is used in the Florida region by fertilizer manufacturers to improve the trucking economics. Backhaul doubles are also used in western Canada but instead of a sulphur/bulk carrier, a sulphur/fuel carrier is used.
Backhaul Double
Sulphur can be shipped in either solid or liquid form over long distances by ocean going ships. Solid sulphur can be shipped in virtually any bulk carrier provided care has been taken to thoroughly cleanout the hold. Molten sulphur is transported in specially designed ships equipped with heating systems. Some of the vessels designed to carry molten sulphur are shown in the table below.
Ship Name |
Picture |
General |
Ship Details |
Sulphur Enterprise |
|
Owner: Flag: United States of America Port: Type: Tanker DNV I.D.: Classification: Call Sign: KAKB IMO-Nr.: 9077044 Yard: Year Built: |
GRT: DWT: NRT: Length: m Breadth: m Draught: m Tanks: m3 |
Eastern Dragon |
|
Owner: Sansho Line S.A Manager: Sansho Kaiun Co., Ltd. Flag: Panamanian Port: Panama Type: Tanker DNV I.D.: Classification: Molten Sulphur, Type III Call Sign: 3FHR5 IMO-Nr.: 9114452 Yard: Fokuoka, Japan Year Built: 1995 |
GRT: 3385 DWT: 5088 NRT: 1016 Length: 96.90 m Breadth: 16.0 m Draught: 6.363 m Tanks: 2456 m3 |
Eastern Tiger |
|
Owner: Sansho Line S.A Manager: Sansho Kaiun Co., Ltd. Flag: Panamanian Port: Panama Type: Tanker DNV I.D.: Classification: Molten Sulphur, Type III Call Sign: 3FYQ7 IMO-Nr.: 9172741 Yard: Shitanoe Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. Year Built: 1997 |
GRT: 3384 DWT: 5088 NRT: 1016 Length: 96.90 m Breadth: 16.0 m Draught: 6.363 m Tanks: 2456 m3 |
Hestiana |
|
Owner: Fukurokuju Maritima S.A. Manager: Fuji Marine Ltd. Flag: Panamanian Port: Panama Type: Tanker DNV I.D.: Classification: Chemical Type III, Molten Sulphur Call Sign: 3EAW4 IMO-Nr.: 9336488 Yard: Shin Kurushima Dockyard Co., Ltd. Year Built:2005 |
GRT: 2849 DWT: 3599 NRT: 855 Length: 95.02 m Breadth: 14.0 m Draught: 5.643 m Tanks: 1999 m3 |
Koa Maru |
|
Owner: Brimstone Marine, S.A. Manager: Flag: Panamanian Port: Panama Type: Tanker DNV I.D.: Classification: Molten Sulphur, Type III Call Sign: 3FWF4 IMO-Nr.: 9114634 Yard: Shin Kurushima Dockyard Co., Ltd. Hashihama Shidyard Year Built: 1995 |
GRT: 2283 DWT: 299 NRT: 685 Length: 92.52 m Breadth: 13.6 m Draught: 5.466 m Tanks: 1559 m3 |
Kohshinmaru |
|
Owner: Kohshin Shipholding Limited Manager: Miyako Maritime Co., Ltd. Flag: Cypriot Port: Limasol Type: Tanker DNV I.D.: Classification: Molten Sulphur, Type III Call Sign: P3DN8 IMO-Nr.: 9172492 Yard: Shin Kochijyuko Co., Ltd. Year Built: 1998 |
GRT: 2999 DWT: 4287 NRT: 900 Length: 99.92 m Breadth: 14.5 m Draught: 6.018 m Tanks: 2373 m3 |
Munakata Maru No. 25 |
|
Owner: Hoyo Kaiun Co., Ltd. & MKM Co., Ltd. Manager: DCAM Flag: Japanese Port: Tokyo Type: Tanker DNV I.D.: Classification: Molten Sulphur, Type III, Coasting Service Call Sign: JPHY IMO-Nr.: 9036569 Yard: Imamura Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. Year Built: 1991 |
GRT: 998 DWT: 1499 NRT: Length: 72.95 m Breadth: 12.0 m Draught: 4.412 m Tanks: 788 m3 |
Namhae Pioneer II |
|
Owner: Yamane Panama Co., S.A. Manager: Heung-A Shipping Co., Ltd. Flag: Panamanian Port: Panama Type: Tanker DNV I.D.: Classification: Molten Sulphur, Type III Call Sign: 3EAT9 IMO-Nr.: 9036557 Yard: Imamura Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. Year Built: 1991 |
GRT: 2310 DWT: 2999 NRT: 693 Length: 91.9 m Breadth: 13.0 m Draught: 5.812 m Tanks: 1520 m3 |
No. 8 Kokamaru |
|
Owner: KSK (Panama) Corp. Manager: Flag: Panamanian Port: Panama Type: Tanker DNV I.D.: Classification: Molten Sulphur, Type III Call Sign: 3FNZ4 IMO-Nr.: 9100516 Yard: Shin Kochijyuko Co., Ltd. Year Built: 1994 |
GRT: 2283 DWT: 2999 NRT: 685 Length: 92.52 m Breadth: 13.6 m Draught: 5.467 m Tanks: 1556 m3 |
Ryuho Maru |
|
Owner: Hikari Marine Co. Ltd. Manager: Flag: Japanese Port: Kobe Type: Tanker DNV I.D.: Classification: Molten Sulphur, Type III Call Sign: JPIG IMO-Nr.: 9036571 Yard: Imamura Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. Year Built: 1992 |
GRT: 1357 DWT: 1704 NRT: 407 Length: 72.95 m Breadth: 12.0 m Draught: 4.712 m Tanks: 785 m3 |
Sulphur Espoir |
|
Owner: Espoir Shipholding Limited Manager: Miyako Maritime Co., Ltd. Flag: Cypriot Port: Limasol Type: Tanker DNV I.D.: Classification: Molten Sulphur, Type III Call Sign: P3TS6 IMO-Nr.: 9124251 Yard: Shin Kochijyuko Co., Ltd. Year Built: 1995 |
GRT: 2976 DWT: 3999 NRT: 893 Length: 99.92 m Breadth: 14.5 m Draught: 5.715 m Tanks: 2208 m3 |
Sulphur Global |
|
Owner: DT Chemical S.A. Manager: Flag: Panamanian Port: Panama Type: Tanker DNV I.D.: Classification: Molten Sulphur, Type III Call Sign: H9GD IMO-Nr.: 9124938 Yard: Shin Kochijyuko Co., Ltd., Hiroshima (Ex Taihei) Shipyard Year Built: 1996 |
GRT: 6996 DWT: 11872 NRT: 2099 Length: 124.03 m Breadth: 19.8 m Draught: 8.407 m Tanks: 6269 m3 |
Sulphur Glory |
|
Owner: DT Chemical S.A. Manager: Daiichi Tanker Co., Ltd. Flag: Panamanian Port: Panama Type: Tanker DNV I.D.: Classification: Molten Sulphur, Type III Call Sign: H9GE IMO-Nr.: 9072862 Yard: Shin Kurushima Dockyard Co., Ltd. Hashihama Shidyard Year Built: 1993 |
GRT: 2283 DWT: 2999 NRT: 685 Length: 92.52 m Breadth: 13.6 m Draught: 5.465 m Tanks: 1560 m3 |
Sulphur Spirit |
|
Owner: MCL Panama S.A. Manager: Mitsubishi Chemical Logistics Corp. Flag: Panamanian Port: Panama Type: Tanker DNV I.D.: Classification: Molten Sulphur, Type III Call Sign: 3FRE9 IMO-Nr.: 9209013 Yard: Hitachi Shipbuilding Mukaishima Marine Co., Ltd. Year Built: 1999 |
GRT: 3498 DWT: 4965 NRT: 1050 Length: 101.05 m Breadth: 16.0 m Draught: 6.281 m Tanks: 2814 m3 |
Sulphur Tripper |
|
Owner: Mitsubishi Chemical Logistics Corp. Manager: Mitsubishi Chemical Logistics Corp. Flag: Japanese Port: Tokyo Type: Tanker DNV I.D.: Classification: Molten Sulphur, Type III Call Sign: JGPK IMO-Nr.: 9118989 Yard: Mukaishima Zoki Co., Ltd. Year Built: 1995 |
GRT: 997 DWT: 1156 NRT: Length: 64.5 m Breadth: 11.0 m Draught: 3.995 m Tanks: 588 m3 |
Tenshinmaru |
|
Owner: Daiichi Marine Co., Ltd. Manager: Daiichi Marine Co., Ltd. Flag: Japanese Port: Osaka Type: Tanker DNV I.D.: Classification: Molten Sulphur, Type III Call Sign: JPFN IMO-Nr.: 9088225 Yard: Shin Kochijyuko Co., Ltd. Year Built: 1994 |
GRT: 1355 DWT: 1606 NRT: 406 Length: 72.95 m Breadth: 12.0 m Draught: 4581 m Tanks: 815 m3 |
Toryo Maru |
|
Owner: Yamane Shipping Co. Ltd. & Corporation for Advanced Transport & Technology Manager: Flag: Japanese Port: Tokyo Type: Tanker DNV I.D.: Classification: Molten Sulphur, Type III Call Sign: JGPC IMO-Nr.: 9115107 Yard: Imamura Shipbuilding Co., Ltd Year Built: 1995 |
GRT: 1351 DWT: 1605 NRT: Length: 69.95 m Breadth: 12.0 m Draught: 4.683 m Tanks: m3 |
Large quantities of molten sulphur are transported by rail. An insulated sulphur railcar loaded with 40 to 70 tonnes of sulphur at 135oC (275oF) will stay molten for 10 to 14 days even in cold climatic conditions. This is possible because of the solidification of a small amount of sulphur on the inner wall of the tank that effectively insulates the remainder of the tank contents. When the tank car arrives at the customer, the car is heated using steam to melt the small amount of solid sulphur on the inner walls before the tank car is unloaded.
Typical Molten Sulphur Rail Car
