Energy Resources of Australia Ltd (ERA) was established in 1980 and has operated continuously since then, mining uranium ore from two deposits and producing uranium oxide at the Ranger processing facilities. The first drum of uranium oxide was produced on 13 August 1981. In 2009 ERA achieved total mine sales of 100,000 tonnes of uranium oxide from the Ranger mine, to become only the second uranium mine in the world to achieve this level of production.

Energy Resources of Australia Ltd (ERA) mines uranium ore and produces drummed uranium oxide at its Ranger mine 260 kilometres east of Darwin in Australia's Northern Territory.  ERA sells its product to power utilities in Asia, Europe and North America under strict international and Australian Government safeguards.  The Company aims to secure profitable, long term contracts for uranium oxide produced from Ranger.  ERA also holds title to the Jabiluka deposit, situated 22 kilometres north of Ranger.  The Ranger Project Area and the Jabiluka lease are located on Aboriginal land. The conditions for mining at Ranger and Jabiluka are set out in agreements made with the Northern Land Council on behalf of the Mirarr Traditional Owners under the Federal Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976.  Rio Tinto, a diversified resources group, owns 68.4 per cent of ERA shares.  The balance of the Company's shares are publicly held and traded on the Australian Stock Exchange.